Worldsteel’s full-year 2025 report shows global crude steel production fell 2.0% to 1.804 billion tonnes, amid weak global demand, production controls, and energy transition pressures. China’s output dropped 4.4% to 960.8 million tonnes, falling below the 1-billion-tonne mark for the first time in years. By contrast, India increased production by 10.1%, Turkey by 18.5%, and Iran by 16.2%, reflecting strong regional demand and capacity expansion. The Middle East posted double-digit growth, while EU output rose 3.9% thanks to import protection and industrial support policies. December 2025 production stood at 139.6 million tonnes, down 3.7% year-on-year, signaling continued market adjustment as the industry shifts toward EAF and green steel production models.